Fort Mose Historic State Park

Historic Significance of Fort Mose

Most visitors to St. Augustine are well-acquainted with the town's history as a Spanish colony from 1565 to 1760s. However, few know about its pivotal role in America's Black history. Fort Mose, established in 1738, was the first legally sanctioned free African settlement in the United States.

Slavery Under Spanish Rule

During the early 18th century, Florida was under Spanish control, a nation with a complex history of slavery that differed significantly from that in British colonies. For Spain, slavery served primarily as a political instrument, and thus the Spanish maintained a more flexible stance on the institution. Enslaved people under Spanish rule often had some legal rights, including the opportunity to purchase their freedom.

Spain's Strategy Against the British

In an effort to weaken British colonial power, Spain began encouraging enslaved individuals in British colonies to flee to Florida in the late 1600s. These individuals were promised freedom and protection if they pledged loyalty to Spain and converted to Catholicism. It wasn't until 1737 that these former British slaves gained their freedom, one year before Fort Mose was officially established.

The Abandonment and Reconstruction of Fort Mose

Though Fort Mose was initially abandoned in 1740, it was reconstructed by the Spanish in 1752 on the grounds that are now part of the state park. Today, efforts are underway to rebuild a replica of the fort, with the anticipated completion date set for early 2024, following successful fundraisers featuring stars like Gladys Knight and Mavis Staples.

Visiting Fort Mose Historic State Park

Fort Mose Historic State Park is a National Historic Landmark and a significant site along Florida's Black Heritage Trail. It is also recognized as a precursor to the Underground Railroad. The park offers a range of outdoor activities such as birding, kayaking, and geocaching. Visitors may spot wildlife including great blue herons, bald eagles, and white ibis during their visit.

Visitor Experiences and Activities

Reviewers have praised the park for its fascinating exhibits and welcoming staff. Many enjoyed walking along the boardwalks and having picnics in one of the two designated picnic areas. Families with history enthusiasts should aim to visit on the first Saturday of the month, when the park hosts musket firing demonstrations and children's militia training sessions.

Practical Information

Fort Mose is located less than three miles northwest of downtown St. Augustine. The park is free to visit daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. An entrance fee of $2 per person (age 6 and older) applies for access to the visitor center, which features exhibits on the fort's history. Note that the visitor center, which contains the park's only restrooms, is closed on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. For more information, visitors can check the Florida State Parks website.